Start with your dog in front of you: age, breed tendencies, fitness, medical limitations and behavior after activity all matter. Puppies need short age-appropriate activity and sleep; adult working breeds often need both physical exercise and problem-solving; seniors may benefit from gentler, more frequent movement. Watch for excessive panting, lagging, soreness or reluctance to continue. Use our exercise calculator as a planning estimate, then adjust with your veterinarian when health conditions are present.
Use this as a starting point
Every dog is an individual. Age, medical history, breed, environment and previous learning can change what is appropriate. When in doubt about health or safety, consult your veterinarian or a qualified professional.